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使用縮寫來檢索 FSTA 欄位

檢索「主題」和「描述詞」欄位時，您可以使用下列縮寫。

AAS: atomic absorption spectrometry (原子吸收分光光譜法)
abstr.: 摘要
ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (1-胺基環丙烷-1-羧酸)
ADI: acceptable daily intake (每日容許攝取量)
AOAC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists (政府分析化學師協會)
approx.: 約略
ARS: Agricultural Research Service (農業研究服務)
atm: atmosphere (氣壓)
aw: water activity (水活性)
BHA: butylated hydroxyanisole (丁基化羥基茴香醚)
BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene (丁基化羥基甲苯)
bp: base pair(s) (鹼基對)
b.p.: boiling point (沸點)
Bq: Becquerel (貝克)
BSE: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (牛海綿狀腦病)
cal: calorie (卡路里)
cfu: colony forming unit (菌落形成單位)
Ci: curie (居禮)
CJD: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (庫賈氏病)
CLA: conjugated linoleic acid (共軛亞麻仁油酸)
coeff.: coefficient (係數)
Co.: 公司
conc.: concentrated (濃縮)
concn.: concentration (濃度)
Corp.: Corporation
CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (澳洲聯邦科學暨工業研究機構)
cv.: cultivar (品種)
Da: Dalton (道爾頓)
DE: dextrose equivalent (葡萄糖當量)
DFD: dark firm dry (暗乾肉)
diam.: diameter (直徑)
dil.: dilute (稀釋)
DM: dry matter, Deutsche Mark (乾物質，德國馬克)
DRV: dietary reference value (膳食營養素參考值)
DSC: differential scanning calorimetry (熱示差掃描分析儀)
E.: East, Eastern (東方、東部等)
EC/EU: European Community/European Union (歐盟委員會/歐盟)
ECD: electron capture detection (電子補集偵測器)
EDTA: ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (乙二胺四乙酸)
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (酵素連結免疫吸附分析法)
EM: electron microscopy/micrograph(s) (電子顯微鏡/顯微照相)
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
FAO: Food & Agriculture Organization (糧食與農業組織)
FDA: Food & Drug Administration (食品藥物管理局)
FIA: flow injection analysis (流動注入分析法)
FID: flame ionization detection (火焰游離偵測器)
f.p.: freezing point (凝固點)
FPD: flame photometric detection (火燄激發偵檢器)
FTIR: Fourier transform IR (傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀)
GC: gas chromatography (氣相層析儀)
gn: gravity (重力)
GLC: gas-liquid chromatography (氣相液相層析)
GM/O: genetically modified/organism (基因改造生物)
GRAS: generally regarded/recognized as safe (普遍視為安全的)
h: hour (小時)
ha: hectare (公頃)
HACCP: Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (危害分析重要管制點)
HDPE: high density/polyethylene (高密度聚乙烯)
hl: hectolitre (100 l) (公石 (100 l))
HPLC: high performance/pressure liquid chromatography (高效能液相層析法)
HTST: high temperature short time (高溫瞬間殺菌)
Hz: hertz (frequency cycle/s) (赫茲 (頻率週期/秒))
ICPMS: inductively coupled plasma MS (感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀)
IEF: isoelectric focusing (等電焦集法)
Inc.: Incorporated
IR: infrared (紅外線)
IU: international unit (國際單位)
J: joule (焦耳)
kb: kilobase(s) (千個鹼基)
K: Kelvin
KK: Kabushiki Kaisha(Co. Ltd.) (株式會社 (有限公司))
LC: liquid chromatography (液相層析)
l: litre
LDPE: low density polyethylene (低密度聚乙烯)
MALDI-TOF-MS: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (基質輔助雷射脫附游離法)
m-equiv.: milli-equivalent (毫當量)
M: molar concentration (摩爾濃度)
max.: maximum (最大值)
min: minute (time) (分鐘 (時間))
min.: 最小值
mol: mole (莫耳)
mol. wt.: molecular weight (分子量)
m.p.: melting point (熔點)
MPN: most probable number (最確數)
Mr: relative molecular mass (相對分子質量)
MRL: maximum residue limit (殘留容許量)
MS: mass spectrometry (質譜技術)
N: Newton (kg m / s2)
N.: North, Northern (北方、北部等)
N: normal concentration (標準濃度)
NAA: neutron activation analysis (中子活化分析)
NIR: near infrared (近紅外光)
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance (核磁共振)
NPR: net protein ratio (淨蛋白質比率)
NPU: net protein utilization (淨蛋白質利用率)
P: probability (機率)
Pa: pascal (N/m2)
PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (聚丙烯醯胺電泳)
PAH: polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (多核芳香烴)
PCB: polychlorinated bi-phenyls (多氯聯苯)
PCR: polymerase chain reaction (聚合脢連鎖反應)
PER: protein efficiency ratio (蛋白質效率比值)
PET: polyethylenetereph-thalate (聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯)
PFGE: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (脈衝式膠體電泳)
pfu: plaque forming unit (斑塊形成單位)
ppb: parts per billion (十億分率)
ppm: parts per million (百萬分率)
ppt: parts per trillion (兆分率)
PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids (多元不飽和脂肪酸)
PSE: pale soft exudative (蒼白、柔軟與滲水)
PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene (聚四氟乙烯)
PVC: polyvinyl chloride (聚氯乙烯)
PVDC: polyvinylidene chloride (聚偏二氯乙烯)
RAPD: randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (逢機增幅多型性 DNA)
RDA: recommended dietary allowance (建議攝取量)
RDI: recommended daily intake (建議每日攝取量)
ref.: reference(s) (參考文獻))
RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism (限制酶片段的多型性)
RH: relative humidity (相對濕度)
RP-HPLC: reverse phase HPLC (反相 HPLC)
rpm: revolutions per minute (每分鐘轉速)
S.: South, Southern (南方、南部等)
s.d.: standard deviation (標準差)
SDS: sodium dodecylsulphate (十二烷基硫酸鈉)
s.e.: standard error (標準誤差)
s: second (time) (秒 (時間))
SEM: scanning electron microscopy/micro-graph(s) (掃描式電子顯微鏡/顯微照相)
SNF: solids-not-fat (無脂固形物)
sp., spp.: species (物種)
sp. gr.: specific gravity (比重)
Suppl.: 補充
t: metric tonne (公噸)
TBA: thiobarbituric acid (硫巴比妥酸)
TBARS: TBA reactive substances (TBA 反應物質)
TBHQ: tert-butylhydroquinone (叔丁基對苯二酚)
TEM: transmission electron microscopy/micro-graph(s) (穿透式電子顯微鏡/顯微照相)
temp.: temperature (溫度)
TLC: thin layer chromatography (薄層色層分析)
TS: total solids (總固體含量)
TSS: total soluble solids (可溶性固形物)
UHT: ultra-hightemperature (超高溫)
USDA: 美國農業部
UV: ultraviolet (紫外線)
V: volt (伏特)
var.: variety (品種)
vol.: 卷期
v/v: volume/volume (體積/體積)
W: watt (瓦特)
W.: West, Western (西方、西部等)
WHO: World Health Organization
w/v: weight/volume (重量/體積)
wk: week (週)
wt.: weight (重量)
yr: 年份

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注意...

如果太廣泛使用，部分縮寫可能會擷取不相關的記錄。請嘗試縮小您的檢索範圍，如此一來，檢索引擎即能嚴謹地解譯您的查詢。

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檢索秘訣

部分縮寫 (例如，FAO、EPA 及 USDA) 可能會輸入於「團體作者」欄位中。在此情況下，請同時輸入縮寫名稱與完整名稱。例如，檢索 USDA AND United States Department of Agriculture，而不只是 USDA。

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您知道嗎？

通常會在記錄中使用化學符號和廣泛認知的生化縮寫。

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特殊字元

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