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indexSearching the Topic FieldEnter Topic terms to search the following fields within a record.
indexTopic Terms in ArabicThe search الطاقة finds records that contain the word الطاقة Enter multiple words with or without the AND operator. The following searches are equivalent:
Use search operators (AND, OR, NOT, NEAR, SAME) to prescribe a relationship between terms such as equivalence, exclusion or proximity. Topic Terms in EnglishThe search electrophoresis finds records that contain the word electrophoresis. Enter multiple words with or without the AND operator. The following searches are equivalent:
To search for an exact phrase in English, enclose the phrase in quotation marks. Example: "heavy water" Use wildcards (* $ ?) to find plural and inflected forms of words. Use search operators (AND, OR, NOT, NEAR, SAME) to prescribe a relationship between terms such as equivalence, exclusion or proximity. indexRight and Left-hand TruncationYou can use right and left-hand truncation when using wildcards (* $ ?) for searching All Fields. You must enter at least three characters after a wildcard when using left-hand truncation and three characters before a wildcard when using right-hand truncation. For example:
indexLemmatizationWeb of Science automatically applies lemmatization rules to search queries. Lemmatization reduces inflected forms of a word to their lexical root. With lemmatization turned on, a search term is reduced to its "lemma" and inflected forms of the word are retrieved. As a result, lemmatization can reduce or eliminate the need to use wildcards to retrieve plurals and variant spellings of a word. For example:
Lemmatization applies only to English-language search terms. StemmingWeb of Science also applies stemming rules to search queries. Stemming removes suffixes such as -ing and -es from words in a search query in order to expand the search and to retrieve additional, relevant records. For example, a Title search for vinyl recording will find articles with the term vinyl record. Stemming and lemmatization are closely related. The difference is that stemming merely drops suffixes such as -ing and -es, while lemmatization makes use of dictionaries that define pairs and clusters (e.g., defense, defence) of words with the same meaning or with a shared morphological structure. Both lemmatization and stemming apply only to English language search terms. |
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