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Glossary
A brief summary or description of the essential content from the source
document.
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Broader Term
Broader terms are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They are known to be wider in
scope. For example, "electrical properties" is the broader term for
electrical conductivity, electrical resistance, and other
narrower terms.
If a term has broader terms, they will appear as broader terms. For example:
FLAVONOLS (Thesaurus Term)
ALCOHOLS (Broader Term)
FLAVONOIDS (Broader Term)
This tells us that ALCOHOLS is a more general term for FLAVONOLS.
When searching the FSTA database, you might want to use ALCOHOLS rather than
FLAVONOLS to get a wider search and more results. If ALCOHOLS has
narrower terms, then those tersm are shown as part of the entry for ALCOHOLS.
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Descriptor
Descriptors are thesaurus terms that are currently used in indexing Food
Science and Technology Abstracts records. They are used to search the Headings
and Keywords fields within a record.
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DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI®) is a system for permanently
identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital environment.
Example: DOI: 10.1134/S1061920808010020
See http://www.doi.org for more
information.
DOI® is a registered trademark of the International DOI
Foundation.
A DOI number can be associated with an article, a book, a book chapter, a
data study document, and other document types.
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FSTA Section
There are 20 FSTA sections in the FSTA index. They are basically broader
terms (wider in scope than narrower terms). For example, Additives, spices and
condiments is an FSTA Section. Under it falls the FSTA Subsections.
Note that the name of the FSTA Section is taken from the uppercase letter of
the Accession Number.
Did You Know ... Records under Section U
(Standards, laws and regulations) and V (Patents) are available from 1969 to
1991. Keep this in mind when searching for patent records under these two
sections.
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FSTA Subsection
There are 130 subsections among the 20 FSTA sections. They are basically
narrower terms that fall under a particular FSTA section. For example, the
following FSTA Subsections fall under the FSTA Section called Additives, spices
and condiments:
- Additives
- Condiments and Sauces
- General Aspects
- Patents
- Spices and essential oils
- Standards and legislation
Note that the name of the FSTA Subsection is taken from the lowercase letter
of the Accession Number.
FSTA Subsections came into use in 1999. Keep this in mind when searching for
records by subsection.
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FSTA Thesaurus
The FSTA Thesaurus is a search aid that contains approximately 9,000 terms.
It features a hierarchical structure for simple searching that classifies terms
as broader terms, narrower terms, and related terms.
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History Note
History notes are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They generally provide a
history of the use of a thesaurus term in FSTA indexing. That is, the period of
time used as a heading. For example, the history note for Chocolate Products
reads: "heading from vol. 25 (1993); under Chocolate up to vol. 24 (1992)."
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Holdings
Items in a library collection. For example, a library's online catalog would
show whether the source publication is held in the library's collection.
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Intellectual Property
Refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, trademarks, literary and
artistic works, symbols, images, architectural designs, and so forth. Patents
are one way of protecting intellectual property; copyrights and trademarks are
other ways of protecting intellectual property.
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ISBN
The International Standard Book Number is a unique identifier that identifies
a work's national, geographic, or language, along with the publisher, title,
edition, and volume number. The format is a 10-digit number that contains 3
hyphens (-). The last digit is a check character, which may be a number or X.
The position of the hyphens can vary for each ISBN. Example:
2-7380-1000-8
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ISSN
The International Standard Serial Number is a unique number that identifies
the source publication. The format is four numbers, a hyphen (-), three numbers,
and then a check character that may be a number or X. Example:
0002-9262
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Keywords
Keywords are thesaurus terms used by the International Food Information
Service (IFIS) to index a record. They are listed in the FSTA Thesaurus. When
entered in the Descriptors field, thesaurus terms are used to search the
Headings and Keywords fields within a record. See also descriptor.
Some terms that appear in the Keywords field in the Full Record may not
appear in the FSTA Thesaurus. These terms are searchable from the Topic field.
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Marked List
A list of records that you marked from either the Results page or the Full
Record page. Once you add records to the Marked List, you can later print, save,
e-mail, order, or export some or all of those records. You have the option
to select records from the Total Records table to output or you can
select records from a specific product database.
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Narrower Term
Narrower terms are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They are generally terms that
are more focused in scope. For example, "electrical conductivity" is one of
several narrower terms for "electrical properties", which is a broader term.
A term such as "fluorescence" may include broader terms, narrower terms, and
related terms.
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Non-descriptor
Non-descriptors are terms that were used in the past but are no longer used
for indexing in the FSTA Thesaurus. Each non-descriptor has one or more USE
clauses that specifies which term should now be used. For example,
conductivity is a non-descriptor. If you search on conductivity in the
thesaurus, the product displays electrical conductivity, thermal
conductivity, and specific conductivity as the appropriate terms
to use in your search query.
Generally, non-descriptors appear in the FSTA Thesaurus in mixed case while
descriptors are in all uppercase. However, there are some uppercase
non-descriptors. Therefore, to distinguish the two types: If there is a USE
clause, the entry is a non-descriptor; otherwise it is a term
Representation of Greek letters
Terms may contain:
- <ALPHA>
- <BETA>
- <GAMMA>
- <DELTA>
- <KAPPA>
- <OMEGA>
to represent a Greek letter.
Note that non-descriptors might have lower case versions of these letters, as
in:
Endo-1,3-<beta>-xylanases
USE XYLAN ENDO-1,3-<BETA>-XYLOSIDASES
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A patent is a document that defines the rights conferred by law to an
inventor of a published specification. The inventor has the exclusive right to
make use of and exploit the invention for a limited period of time. A patent
must be obtained in each country where patent protection is sought.
Did You Know ... Patents are a form of intellectual property
protection. They should not be confused with trademarks, servicemarks, and
copyrighted material, which are other forms of protection of intellectual
property.
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Patent Assignee
The individual(s) or corporate body to whom all or limited rights of a patent
are legally transferred.
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A patent number is a unique identifier of a patent that is assigned to each
patent document by the patent-issuing authority. It includes a two-character
country code identifying the publishing authority, followed by a serial number
(up to 10 characters). Example: US 6569107
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Related Term
Related terms are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They are generally thesaurus
terms that do not fall within the direct hierarchy of another term. They are
usually less general and precise than other thesaurus terms, but they may be
added to a search query.
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Scope Note
Scope notes are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They generally indicate the
meaning of a term or its particular use. They are also used to indicate Enzyme
Commission (EC) numbers for enzymes and to display lists of terms synonymous
with a particular term in question.
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Search Aid
Search aids are tools that allow you to select predefined names, terms, or
codes and automatically add them with the appropriate syntax to a search query.
Search aids allow you to quickly and easily achieve consistent search results.
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Set Combination
A set combination consists of two or more set numbers that you can run as a
unique search query. For example, #1 AND #3 combines the
results of set 1 and set 3 to form a single query. Set numbers appear under the
Set column in the Search History table.
You can also enter a single set number alone to refresh the results of a
previous search. In this instance, you may also want to change the timespan,
languages, document types, literature types, and Taxa Notes.
Source Document
An article, patent, book, or other work represented by a record in the
product database. May also be referred to as "source publication" or "source
record".
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Thesaurus Term
Thesaurus terms are controlled terms (or keywords) that are used by the
International Food Information Service (IFIS) to index records. A thesaurus term
can be a single word or several words. For example, fermented cream is
a thesaurus term. When entered in the Descriptors field, thesaurus terms are
used to search the Headings and Keywords fields within a record.
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Used For
Used For terms are found in the FSTA Thesaurus page. They generally indicate
non-descriptors (that is, non-preferred terms) for which the descriptor (the
preferred thesaurus term) should be used.
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USE
USE terms are found in the FSTA Thesaurus. They generally indicate which
descriptor (that is, thesaurus term) to use instead of the non-descriptor in
question.
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